To dive deeper, check out the complete article from original source:
https://droomdroom.com/how-can-layer-2s-afford-ultra-low-gas-fees/
Layer-2 protocols offer ultra-low gas fees by using a process called Rollup, which processes multiple transactions at the cost of one. Rollups are off-chain scaling solutions that store transactions in Layer-2 chains and process them in batches, significantly reducing gas fees. This is less secure than Layer-1 but achieves high transaction throughput.
Rollup Process:
Transaction Initiation: Transactions are added to a Layer-2 block and verified by validators.
Creating a Rollup: Once transactions reach a desired number, they are summarized into a rollup.
Submission to Layer-1: The rollup summary is sent to Layer-1 (e.g., Ethereum) for final verification, which checks initial and final states to ensure accuracy.
Finalization: If legitimate, the summary is included in the Ethereum blockchain as a single transaction.
Types of Rollups:
ZK Rollups: Use Layer-2 storage and submit transaction summaries to Layer-1 for approval without revealing individual transactions.
Optimistic Rollups: Use “Call Data spaces” in Ethereum for storage and assume transactions are valid unless proven otherwise.
The introduction of Ethereum Blobs in the Dencun Upgrade has further reduced Layer-2 fees. Blobs allow Layer-3 applications to store transactions off the main Ethereum chain, reducing congestion and gas demand, thus lowering fees.
Conclusion: Layer-2 transactions cost less due to the efficient Rollup process, where multiple Layer-2 transactions are validated as one on Layer-1, saving time and cost. This method maintains high security while offering ultra-low fees, making Layer-2 solutions highly efficient and cost-effective for users. 🚀🔗💡
