lisiiichka.eth

Farcaster - это открытый протокол, позволяющий создавать социальные приложения. 

Если вы не читали первую часть 

Как хранятся сообщения и как именно они передаются между хабами? 

(Hubs - концептуально это как ноды в блокчейне, но алгоритм конценсуса отличается. Больше про hubs 

Farcaster представляет новую концепцию - 

Дельта - это любые действия пользователя в социальной сети (like, unlike, share (Farcaster называют это - recast), reply). 

Самое интересное происходит, когда люди создают дельты, конфликтующие друг с другом. Например, Боб лайкнул сообщение Алисы, а потом убрал лайк. Эти данные хранятся в хабе и когда разработчик их увидит, возникнет проблема. Два конфликтующих сообщения не могут быть одновременно истинны. Нужен способ решить конфилкт и прийти к консенсусу относительно того, что является текущим состоянием сети.

Набор дельт должен быть объединен с использованием набора правил для создания действительного социального графа. 

Граф - простая структура данных, с вершинами, которые являются контентом и пользователями (то есть Алиса, Боб, сообщение Алисы "hello world", ответ Боба "welcome" - это всё вершины графа).

Когда пользователь создает сообщение, образуется новая вершина, а затем создается ребро (relationship), указывающее родителя этого сообщения. Ребра также указывают на взаимодействия, которые произошли (like, unlike, recast).

Основное правило - пользователь и часть контента могут иметь только одно отношение определнного типа. Одновременно не может быть, например, like и unlike. Отношения могут заключаться либо в том, что подобное истинно, либо в том, что ложно.

Хабы выполняют слияние (merge): берут набор дельт, анализируют и создают действительный социальный граф. А когда обнаруживается конфликт, то определяется только один "победитель"

Предположим, что Алиса создала сообщение "hello world", а Бобу оно понравилось. Для каждого сообщения определяется 

 - идентификатор конфликта, который определяет уникальный объект в изменяемом графе. И определяется состояние - 

. Вместе они образуют дельта-сообщение.

Повторяющиеся сообщения

Если Боб отправит два сообщения с одинаковым содержанием, то система не сможет увеличить количество лайков два раза. Это неправильно. Поэтому ввели уникальный идентификатор - хэш. Сообщения хэшируются. И так как второе сообщение имеет такое же содержимое, то и хэш не будет отличаться. Поэтому хаб сразу определит, что данное сообщение им уже обрабатывалось, и состояние не изменится. 

Что происходит, когда сообщения конфликтуют из-за изменения состояние s?

В данном случае уже не получится ссылаться на хэш. Из-за разного содержимого сообщений хэш будет отличаться.

Для решения проблемы ввели метку времени - 

. Теперь известно какое сообщение было отправленно раньше, какое позже. И истинным считают более позднее сообщение.

Определение победителя

НО время может быть ненадёжно и быть одинаковым на двух конфликтующих сообщениях. 

Тогда мы получим два сообщения с разными хэшами, но одним временем. А нам нужно выбрать только одно. 

В таком случае для разрешения конфликта хабы начинают сравнивать хэши. Победителем станет сообщение, у которого выше хэш, то есть его номер или лексиграфический порядок больше. Такое решение является произвольным, но детерминированным.

В социальной сети тысячи-тысячи сообщений и когда они перемещаются между хабами, могут случаться всевозможные ошибки. Farcaster хотят разработать систему, устойчивую к этим ошибкам. Которая сможет решать конфликты, независимо от того кто, как, в каком порядке отправил сообщения.

Типы дельт, которые пользователи могут создавать.

Reactions - реакции на различные элементы. Представляют отношения между человеком и объектом

Amps - одобрение одного пользователя другим. Простыми словами, повышаем пользователя до людей, которые на нас подписаны или следят.

Verifications - верификация, доказательство права собственности.

User Data - данные о пользователе, такие как: аватарка, статус и всё прочее, что создаёт ваш профиль.

Signers - с его помощью подписываются ваши сообщения.

Вводим специальный тип сообщения, называемое сообщением об удалении. Оно не содержит само сообщение, а содержит ссылку на хэш сообщения для удаления. У него также есть свой собственный хэш и временная метка.

Хаб, видя запрос об удалении, отбрасывает исходное сообщение.

Алиса и Боб отправляют сообщения -> эти сообщения отправляются в их хабы

-> хабы обмениваются сообщениями друг с другом. 

И со временем каждый хаб становится копией всех сообщений от Алисы и всех сообщений от Боба.

Но кто же управляет хабами? 

Первая группа людей стимулирующая работу с хабами - FooCaster - люди создающие приложения в сети. Захотят запустить свой собственный хаб, чтобы быть уверенным, что всегда есть доступ для публикаций данных и для чтения.

Но не все начинают так серьезно, некоторые люди хотят поиграть с сетью. Поэтому они запускают CastAPI, а уже API запускает свой хаб, но к нему могут подключаться другие приложения и тоже получать данные.

Проблема, о которой ещё не говорили - что произойдёт, если Алиса будет отправлять много-много сообщений в сеть?

Сейчас побочным эффектом является то, что хабы должны становиться всё больше, чтобы хранить их все. Поэтому они становятся более дорогими в эксплуатации. В какой-то момент содержать собственный хаб станет нецелесообразно. Тогда разработчики начнут изпользовать CastAPI. Отчего сеть начнет становиться менее и менее децентрализованной.

А если Боб стал отправлять много сообщений, которые не несут важной информации, а являются спамом. Тогда CastApi создаст инструмент, который будет фильтровать сообщения вне сети. Это приведет к тому, что операторы сети смогут выбирать кого пропустить, а кого нет, и этим можно начать злоупотреблять. И мы вернемся в мир социальных сетей, где несколько влиятельных игроков, определяют что происходит!

Поэтому ясно одно: важно, чтобы существовали ограничения, насколько большим хаб может стать. Если они останутся меньше определенного размера, то будут достаточно рентабельны и каждый разработчик приложений сможет запустить собственный хаб. А иначе они станут слишком дорогими и маловероятно, что сеть останется децентрализованной.

Нельзя позволить пользователям хранить бесконечное количество информации.

Cпособ ограничить это - концепция сокращения дельты. Farcaster говорит, что пользователи могут делать публикации, но сообщения старше года будут удаляться из сети. Теперь они могут храниться в других архивных системах.

К тому же существуют ограничения по размеру, но они очень велики.

Такое отсечение данных помогает поддерживать сеть надёжной и децентрализованной

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Farcaster Overview. Часть 2

4 проблемы, которые пытаются решить Farcaster:  

Trustworthy Identities.  Надёжность личности

Алиса и Боб имеют уникальные identities в децентрализованных социальных сетях. Они могут подписывать свои сообщения или действия. Но важно, чтобы идентификаторы были децентрализованы.

Алиса может выбрать себе имя (например, @alice) и использовать его. Но иногда децентрализованные имена не заслуживают доверия и не особо полезны. Например: 

Алиса использует имя @google. Когда Боб просматривает сообщения, то видит все эти сообщения отправленные от @google, а не от Алисы.

Farcaster хотят найти способ сделать имена заслуживающие доверия. 

Их подход - введение новой концепции - 

Вместо того, чтобы присваивать себе удобочитаемые имена, Алиса получает 

FID - числовой идентифткатор (выглядит примерно так: 3489). Он используется во всех сообщениях. ID полностью децентрализован, он выдан смарт-контрактом специально для вас.

Но возникает неудобство. Если Боб захочет упомянуть Алису в посте, ему придется ввести @3489.  

Поэтому Farcaster позволяют Алисе выбрать ещё и имя пользователя (например @alice), которое будет связано с этим идентификатором. Это происходит в отдельной системе - вторичная система идентификация. Она нужна в основном для того, чтобы легче идентифицировать пользователь.

Ключевое различие между этими двумя системами, то что первая полностью децентрализована. Как только Алиса её получила, она остается за ней на всю жизнь.

Authentication.  Аутентификация

Нужен способ аутентификации сообщений.

Адреса Ethereum фактически являются парами public и private keys, которые могут использоваться для создания подписи. Алиса создаст подпись с помощью закрытого ключа, а когда Боб его получит, то по индентификатору найдет пользователя в блокчейне и сможет всё проверить. 

Но в этом способе есть проблема! 

Допустим, Алиса пользуется приложением с телефона, значит ей нужно загрузить private key на телефон. Тогда приложение может украсть ваши данные, вашу личность.

Один из способов Farcaster решить эту проблему, заключается в том, что они не позволяют приложению брать ваши ключи. Каждое приложение генерирует "signer". 

Вместо создания подписи Алиса создает другое сообщения, называемое "signer message". Оно включает в себя адрес Алисы (custody), signer адрес и подпись.

Сustody адрес (адрес Алисы) связан с парой ключей (public и private keys), которой управляет сама Алиса. Подпись создаётся custody адресом, поэтому Алиса создаёт цепочку от своего адреса, к подписывающей стороне, а подписывающей сторона подписывает этой подписью сообщение.

Account Recovery. Восстановление аккаунта

Алиса может потерять свою пару ключей и тогда потеряет доступ к аккаунту. В централизованных социальных сетях есть различные пути восстановления данных, например с помощью почты. В децентрализованной сети нужна похожая система для защиты Алисы, но без ущерба для децентрализованного владения её личностью.

Один из способов - разрешить вторичный идентификатор, который настраивается лично. Алиса может назначить 

второй адрес - адрес восстановления, который будет связан с этим же идентификатором. 

Например, она назначила адрес Боба (0x9889). В случае утери ключей, Алиса попросит Боба сделать передачу ID с одного адреса на другой. Боб отправляет запрос на передачу, который записывается в блокчейн.  Он сообщает, что хочет переместить идентификатор. Только спустя 7 дней Боб может завершить перемещение отдельной транзакцией и в этот момент происходит своп ID (с адреса ox1234 на ox5678).

Период задёржки необходим для предотвращения ситуаций, когда Боб стал враждебным и, например, хочет захватить ваш аккаунт. Если в этот момент вы имели контроль над своей учётной записью, то вы сможете сделать отмену транзакцию на перемещениие идентификатора.

my wallet lisiiichka.eth / 0x1b3Dc17B63E83C9Ca3F414CFC24DCe7ACd889DA9

Farcaster Overview. Часть 1

The Web3/AI blog

My social accounts: https://gate.highlight.xyz/page/1e4wl5q1

Blogging is a popular way for people to express their thoughts, share ideas, and connect with others. As the internet has evolved, so too have blogging platforms. New technologies, such as web3 and artificial intelligence (AI), are being used to create more advanced and efficient ways to blog.

Whether you're a professional blogger or just starting out, choosing the right blogging platform is essential for success. To help you make a decision, this article covers some of the best “next-generation” blogging platforms available today. They all support multi-media content, including graphic images, links and embedded video.

WordPress is one of the most popular blogging platforms, and has been around for a long time. It's easy to use and offers a wide range of features and customization options.

WordPress has an intuitive user interface and provides powerful tools for creating and managing content. You can create posts, pages, and other content types with ease, and embed multimedia into your posts. WordPress also offers numerous plugins and themes to help you customize your blog.

WordPress also provides a variety of features for SEO, including support for custom titles, meta keywords, and meta descriptions. It's also compatible with most major web hosting services. It can be used to create entire web sites as well as blogging content.

Ghost is a modern, open-source blogging platform. It's designed for easy content creation and offers a range of features for customization and SEO.

Ghost provides a simple user interface with options for creating and editing content. You can easily embed multimedia into your posts and customize your blog with themes and plugins. It also offers a range of SEO features, such as custom titles, meta keywords, and meta descriptions.

Ghost is also compatible with most major web hosting services and has a robust API for developers. It's easy to use and provides powerful tools for creating and managing content.

Medium is a popular blogging platform that's designed for easy content creation. It offers a range of features for customization, including themes and plugins, as well as support for multimedia content.

Medium also provides a variety of features for SEO, including custom titles, meta keywords, and meta descriptions. It's compatible with most major web hosting services and has a robust API for developers.

I also like the reading list. If you follow people or topics or bookmark blogs, it will add them to your reading list for reading later.

This is a really nice blogging platform which I just discovered recently, and it is quite new. I have started testing it out, but so far I am suitable impressed. It is well worth evaluating, especially if you are familiar with Solana. It has a unique incentive structure which encourages participation, and quality posts. I was able to enter and save my first blog post, but was not able to publish it until I earn more points. This results in higher quality content, and more commitment from the authors and readers. There is also a way to monetize premium content. I also like the reading list feature, which adds bookmarked posts to my list of articles to read later. I believe that that this platform has a lot of potential. But you will need a Solana account to write posts. An account isn't required for reading, so its easy to browse the articles.

Nice web3 blogging tool which I have just started experimenting with recently. It has been around for a while, but not not a lot of people know about it yet. I think that it has a lot of potential, and its simple to use. It also supports paid subscriptions like substack. So you can distribute articles to a list of paid subscribers if you have one. Here is a blog post from their own blog which is a 

 is a blogging platform that allows users to create and publish their own content. It is designed to be user-friendly and easy to use, with a variety of customization options and templates to choose from. 

 also offers features such as social media integration, SEO optimization, and the ability to monetize content through advertising and sponsorships. With a focus on community and collaboration, 

 also offers the ability for users to connect with and follow other bloggers, as well as comment and share content. Posts can be “collected” as NFT’s by readers, and they can also subscribe to blogger’s posts. But you will need an ethereum wallet such as Metamask to do monetary transactions. It has a dashboard with document management features.

This is a dedicated blogging platform on the Deso blockchain which has features similar to other blogging platforms, and is integrated to the other Deso apps. So, all your posts will show up automatically in other app feeds which is good for discovery, and social interaction with the community. You will need a Deso account to onboard. But that will give you access to all the other Deso apps as well. (That will be the subject of another article which I will post soon). You can also monetize content by receiving rewards, and micropayment tips called diamonds, or selling creator coins. It also has good document management features on the main dashboard. Deso is open to anyone, and doesn’t require an invitation. See my previous article on web3 social media platforms.

This is a fairly new dedicated blogging platform on the Lens social platform, which is on the Polygon blockchain. So, you will need an EVM compatable web3 wallet such as Metamask to login, and do monetary transactions. It is composable with all the other lens apps, so your posts will automatically show up in other feeds. Any blog post can be collected as an NFT, and you can request a fee to read your posts. They have some nice features and the platform is quite easy to use, but its still in the early stages, so there isn’t a lot of content yet. I think that lens is still “invite only” so you will have to request access for now to use it.

 recently, so I am still in the process of testing. It is 

, but the UI is better, and it is easier to use. It integrates with the Farcaster web3 social network for social interaction, which I am also in the process of testing. It also compares favorably to

 It has monetization with subscriptions and gated/premium content. There is also an integration with 

It also has good discovery for reading posts. I will be able to do a more detailed evaluation when I have had a chance to spend more time with it. 

Other “nextgen” social media platforms that support long form content can also be used for blogging. Examples are diamondapp on deso, and most of the other advanced social platforms. They combine social features together with the blogging, as opposed to dedicated blogging sites which I discussed above which tend to have more features like the dashboard to manage documents.

I have discussed you a few projects that I have used in the past. Evaluate them according to your needs, and choose the ones that best suits your requirements.

Comments are welcome. More to come in future posts.

“Next Generation” Blogging Platforms

NFT’s and AI complement web3 social media. For example NFT’s can be used for access to exclusive content, voting rights, raising money to fund projects, the ability to create and own digital art, and trade with other users for collectibles, ticketing etc. When you combine this with social media and AI, it is even more powerful. With AI tools for creating images and blogging for example, almost anyone can be more productive and creative. So far the AI is mostly being used for text content and images, but will soon we will be able to use it for videos, sound and music as well. People are experimenting with new types of creative expression, and value based social interactions which were not possible before. I will give you some examples of “nextgen” social platforms that I have been using and evaluating.

Onboarding is pretty easy, and you don’t require a special invitation. You will need a tiny bit of Deso for gas, but it will go a long way. You can buy a few dollars worth with fiat currency, and that will be more than enough to get going. You can always earn more. Deso is the least expensive platform that I have seen. Compute and storage is very cheap (see summary above). There are lots of different dapps and new ones appearing all the time. They all integrate and share the same social feeds, identity and social graph (followers etc). So for example you can have a discussion about a particular NFT on NFTz, where you can mint, display and sell NFT’s. The NFT can also have a social feed with likes, microtips and comments. The social feed will show up in other Deso dapps. You don’t have to login again to other Deso dapps since they share the identity.

There are also ways of monetizing popularity or influence with creator coins. So, you can invest in creators who you think have a lot of potential, or buy your own coins to push up the price. This social platform is more mature than most of the other ones, and most of the important elements are in place like NFTz market that also does streaming music NFT’s, streaming music and video apps, online video (like a decentralized zoom), blogging platforms, group conversations etc.

The deso blockchain has a lot of features planned, and is moving to “proof of stake” consensus in the new year. According to the stats, Deso has the most adoption for Web3 social media which makes sense since they are the oldest and they don’t limit users with required invitations.

Most people are familiar with the polygon sidechain, if you have used Defi for example. It uses the Ethereum EVM, and Matic tokens for gas. This is the platform on which Aave has chosen to build Lens. You will need an invitation, and the Metamask wallet to onboard. Your identity will be minted as an NFT. The UI is pretty nice and reminds me of tumblr. The various dapps are compose-able with one another and share social feeds, identity and social graph. There is a rudimentary NFT platform called Lensport, but you will have to use Rarible or Opensea to mint your NFT’s. You can also monetize posts by selling the content as NFT’s. There is an interesting dapp on the 

which makes it easy to create NFT’s with some Dall-E AI themes and then allows you to mint them directly. There is a good aggregator of music NFT’s called 

, which will also work with many other EVM platforms. There is also a youtube like video platform, and various other dapps for mobile and desktop. They all share common feeds. Lens has some good integration partners on polygon, and I have heard some talk of them moving to the new polygon ZKEVM platform for further scalability.

Solcial came out recently, and is already gaining a good following. The UI is very nice, and it is pretty easy to use, especially if you are familiar with Solana. The chain is fast, inexpensive and there is a lot of development going on. The social feeds are pretty straight forward. You can chose who to follow, you can vote posts up and down, it shows you popular posts etc. You also get to monetize contributions with a creator coin, and tier 2 access level . Each user can create and sell premium content, which can be blog posts or free NFT’s for example. The profile section will allow you to mint NFT’s directly to the blockchain, and they will show up on 

. (I am in the process of becoming a verified creator). There are many improvements planned for the new year. There aren’t a lot of integrated dapps yet, except for a very nice blogging platform called 

. I expect them to partner up with other Solana dapps and developers, like NFT markets, gaming etc.

The Near chain is pretty fast and inexpensive. It also has a sister EVM chain called Aurora. There are 2 social dapps on native Near. One is called Myriad and the other is 

. Near users will find them both pretty easy to use. The second one is newer, and I have been spending more time with that one. You can mint NFT’s on Paras, and they will show up on the Near blockchain and 

. The social feed is similar to the one on solcial, but not as extensive yet. There isn’t a lot of content yet, but I expect it come as more people find out about it.

I havn't been able to evaluate this one until recently. So, I am still testing but it looks promising. There wasn't a web client until recently, and the only way to run it on the desktop was with a Mac, which I don't have. But there are now a few web clients, so I am able to start evaluating. Its definitely interesting and there is a good community with quality posting to read, and interact with. There are several integrated dapps and also a blogging platform in the ecosystem called 

, which works well and has some very good articles. Its handling of multi-media is pretty rudimentary, and it doesn't seem to incorporate NFT's yet.

 or Iris. I prefer the second one since the UI is nicer. This is the most difficult of the lot to get running because its in the very early stages, but I got it working and it looks interesting. You can chat directly with Jack Dorsey since he seems to be on there frequently. I will report back when I have more time to spend testing it, and there are more features to test.

Twitter has been losing a lot of users since Musk took over, but I won’t get into the politics of censorship and the like. Suffice it to say that they still have a lot of users, and its a pretty good platform despite all the complaints. They may be able to resolve the current problems and turn it around. In the mean time 

 is a good twitter add-on (browser extension) It has various “nextgen” features like Web3 wallet support, NFT support, encrypted direct messages, Mask profile/ID, fundraising, token swapping, decentralized file storage, fiat on-ramp, decentralized governance etc.

A very easy to use and well designed twitter replacement, but it does have a wait-list and requires an invitation. It does have tipping for content. But it is centralized, and there doesn’t seem to be a lot of info available about how it works on the back-end, governance, and plans for the future, like web3 support etc. So, it works well for people fleeing twitter, but I don’t know enough about the long term.

Facebook (Meta) and Instagram have the same owners. They have started introducing NFT’s on Instagram in some regions and are slowly rolling it out. Facebook has been working on its metaverse platform, and I assume that it will incorporate blockchain and NFT’s in some way. In the mean time, they still have a lot of users, but many of them are looking at moving away from centralized control, lack of privacy etc. I won’t get into the controversial topics here. Instagram has a lot of interesting images and a large audience and many people already have a lot of followers there. It will be interesting to see how the NFT rollout goes. It is not available in my area yet.

 - combines feeds form various sources (Farcaster, Lens, Mirror blogs)

NFT’s are a new way of monetizing culture. Here is an example of my Rockstarz collection on 

 They all contain a series of images of famous musicians which I created with an AI tool called Stable Diffusion (see my first blog post in this series for more details). My intention was not to make money per se, but to see what could be done with some of the new AI tools, NFT markets and social media. The various new technologies are converging and will be more powerful than the sum of the parts when they seamlessly work together. We are already starting to see 3D virtual art galleries which add another new dimension.

But for now, the various platforms are only compo-sable (integrated) within the same blockchain, so those barriers need to be broken down. We are going to have to see co-operation between the different Web3 social platforms for truly mainstream adoption. It will also have to get less complicated to use. For example you shouldn’t have to know or worry about what an EVM (Ethereum Virtual machine) compatible chain is, or even what chain your app resides on. This should be abstracted for the user and be simple and straight forward to onboard and use. As an analogy, when you switch from one automobile brand to another, you don’t have to know what kind of engine it is. Most people just want to get into the car and drive. When it breaks down, they take it to a mechanic (technical support). Most of the Web3 tech support for now is done by the community discord forums, which is still ironically, web2 based. Dao's, decentralized governance and funding alternatives are evolving and will be the subject of a future article.

There are probably too many social media alternatives right now. Between Web2 and Web3, they can’t all survive. They will be too fragmented and isolated unless they can all connect to each other. That won’t happen in the web2 world since there are proprietary interests involved. Web3 has a different business model which is community based. For now, each platform offers its own set of features, strengths, and weaknesses. Users will have to evaluate their needs and preferences and decide which platform is best for them in the short to medium term. Its hard to know now how things will play out in the long run but you will still benefit by using them now.

In the mean time, the space is evolving very fast, and I am already getting some good value from using the Web3 dapps. I am gaining experience with AI tools and applying them to practical social situations like creating images and blogging. The content will only improve as more users join in, and the features will also improve as we attract more quality developers. When we see more dapps that can span multiple chains, and simple user interfaces that hide the complexity of the back-end blockchains, we can expect more users, and mainstream adoption. There is so much happening in the space right now it is hard to keep up. New features and products are being launched constantly, despite the bear market.

Personally I prefer organic growth rather than hype and promotion but that is what attracts the users and the funding. From my testing and kicking the tires, I have no doubt that Web3 will be a quantum leap forward from what we have now in Web2. Its already happening. Start off with 

 , and then get your feet wet with Deso. Or chose one that runs on your favorite chain. Go down the rabbit hole. You won’t look back.

"The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn."

NFT's are a new way to monetize culture. Platforms like Twitter and Facebook have slowly been introducing NFT's, but many users are searching for alternatives in decentralized and censorship-resistant networks. There are Web3 alternatives like 

 but they lack NFT's and decentralization. Chosing a winner at this stage is difficult because the space is fragmented, and still being developed. To truly maximize the potential of NFT's and Web3, platforms will have to cooperate, and work together. and support information flow from one to another to succeed.

How NFT’s and AI tools complement Web3 Social Media

, which can be used to train AI models with faces that it doesn’t know. Then you can generate images with text prompts or use preset prompts from samples. I already wrote a blog post explaining how to use several Stable Diffusion based AI tools to create images using text prompts - 

https://www.bulbapp.io/p/375ad7b7-533c-427c-9874-3cf98782da51/ai-tools-for-text-to-image-generation

We also discuss a couple of AI tools used for image-to-text generation. And give an example of how to use negative prompts.

Lastly, we introduce the use of ChatGPT for generating and manipulating text, as well as Lex, a word processor with AI built in.

tools that I talked about, I thought I would mention 2 more tools that do 

prompt generation (the reverse process). It works from any kind of digital image, or even a photograph. Here are 2 sites which allow you to do this:

Both of them do a pretty good job of analyzing the image and coming up with a good prompt. Of course, if you use the resulting prompt you won’t get the exact same image (which is to be expected). I find them useful to get ideas for new images since I don’t usually save the prompts, and seed numbers for most of my images.

The first one is pretty fast and easy. The second one takes a little longer, but is more accurate. It uses Google collab, which you might be familiar with.

I also wanted to talk about how to use “Dreambooth” tools below for training your own AI models and generating images from this process. You could use photos of yourself, someone you know personally, or a pet for example. You can also use different kinds of objects that the general models don’t know about, such as a new product that you are developing, for example.

This is a very useful tool which allows you to upload about 10-20 pictures of yourself or someone else, or even your dog. Then it will generate a bunch of sample images using its own pre-defined prompts, which can be modified, or you can use your own prompts. It is quite easy to use, the instructions are pretty good, and the results are very good if you follow the instructions closely. But you will have to use another tool (they recommend lexica) to generate more prompts. There is a small charge to get started, but I found it to be very worthwhile.

This tool has a similar process, is quite inexpensive and has everything you need on the same site. It will generate images based on “preset templates” which you can chose. You can also use the same site to find sample images and prompts to use on your pictures to generate even more. There is a quota of 400 images for each model that you train, which is more than sufficient. I tested it with photos of me, my girlfriend, and my grand daughter so far. Maybe I will use our dog for the next model. Its a lot of fun, and you can find a lot of uses for the pictures online as avatars, or PFP’s or whatever.

Here is another helpful hint for generating images from prompts using SD 2.1. It is a good idea to use negative prompts. Try it and see how the results will improve. For example:

"disfigured, kitsch, ugly, oversaturated, grain, low-res, Deformed, blurry, bad anatomy, disfigured, poorly drawn face, mutation, mutated, extra limb, ugly, poorly drawn hands, missing limb, blurry, floating limbs, disconnected limbs, malformed hands, blur, out of focus, long neck, long body, ugly, disgusting, poorly drawn, childish, mutilated, , mangled, old, surreal"

(These are all things that you don't want to see in your images)

AI tools for assistance writing text (ex. blog posts)

Similar to generating and manipulating images, there are lots of AI tools for generating and manipulating text for things like blog posts or web site content. I have just started experimenting with ChatGPT, and I find it useful mostly for getting new ideas, or augmenting my current content rather than producing copy per se. You can experiment with the tool here: 

This text was written with the help of Lex. Here is a video which explains how it works - 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Cao0oy1CBg

“Right now Lex uses GPT-3, so it can do pretty much anything GPT-3 can do which is quite a lot! For example:

It doesn’t seem to be be live yet, so let me know if you would like an invite.

I used Lex to generate the title, and also this conclusion.

“The tools mentioned above are just a few of the ones out there. There are many more and no doubt more are being created all the time. These tools open up new possibilities and make it easier to create content, whether it is images or text. They can also be used to improve existing content and create new ideas. If you have any questions or would like to know more, please feel free to contact me.”

I plan to continue writing blog posts about AI tools that I have been evaluating, and also some of the “next generation” social media platforms based on Web3 concepts.

AI tools for training models, and generating prompts from Images

M41ie · Crypto Notes

「数据观察」是 M41ie 日常在数据层面对 Crypto 板块发展、主题叙事、项目业务和市场状态的观察笔记，近期内容汇总整理如下。

BSC 链的合约部署量在 2022 年持续下跌，已经低于 Polygon，不过仍高于以太坊；Polygon 合约部署量前半年有飙升，后半年在回落后保持相对稳定；以太坊的合约部署量整体呈现稳定增长趋势，年末两个月有所下跌；Arbitrum 和 Optimism 的合约部数量都呈增长状态，前者增长更为亮眼。

合并后，以太坊的每日发行量从大约 15,000 ETH 下降到略低于 1,800 ETH；同时，自合并以来，ETH 的每日销毁率没有显着变化。根据发行和销毁的数据估算，以太坊当前的年化通胀率为 0.12%。

合并后，以太坊的出块时间变得更加可预测并且稍微更快；虽然尚未显著增加网络的可扩展性，但对用户体验进行了细微的提升。

在过去的 100 天里，以太坊上通过 MEV-Boost 获得 MEV 的验证者数量稳步攀升，从合并时的略高于 10% 增长到现在的大约 80%。

尽管合并后以太坊上的 MEV 基础设施发生了巨大变化，但利益相关者获得的 MEV 数量并未受到重大影响。通常，赚取的 MEV 数量与 DeFi 活动的增加相关。

自合并以来，质押 ETH 的年回报率从大约 4% 增加到 5% 到 6% 之间。与从以太坊的共识层 (CL) 获得的奖励保持稳定直到未来的网络升级不同，从执行层 (EL) 获得的奖励变化很大，并且取决于用户活动。如果宏观环境改善，以太坊网络使用率增加，EL 奖励也有望增加，并增加质押 ETH 的年化总回报率。

自合并以来，活跃验证者的数量增加了 22,517，与合并前水平相比，抵押在以太坊上的 ETH 总量增加了 15%。值得注意的是，在过去 100 天内添加新验证器并没有明显改变 Lido、Coinbase 和 Kraken 等大型实体的质押市场份额分布。Lido 通过控制近 30% 的验证者继续主导以太坊质押市场。从验证者节点运营商和他们控制的质押 ETH 供应的角度来看，合并对质押市场格局几乎没有影响。

合并后 49 天，随着验证者总数在 11 月超过 458,752 的阈值，以太坊的流量限制（规定新验证者进入和退出的最大数量）从 6 个/epoch 增加到 7 个/epoch，每日可进入退出的验证者数量限制从 1,350 提升至 1,575。一旦活跃验证者总数达到 524,288 的阈值，流量限制将增加到 8 个/epoch。

目前有超过 15 万 ETH 被桥接至其他 EVMs，在所有非以太坊 EVM（L1&L2）中，Arbitrum 的 ETH 占有量超过 50%，其次为 Polygon 和 Optimism。

Opensea 新版税政策在前几天正式生效，下面的数据回顾了 11 月 8 日至 12 月8 日测试强制版政策期间相关藏品和市场的表现。

在 2215 个新藏品中，有 31.6% 选择了强制版税，并且在整个过程中，新政策的采用率在不断升高，从 14% 涨到了 40%。

在 Opensea 出台新政策后，NFT 发行平台陆续更新代码，让创作者在使用自家平台发行 NFT 时也可以选择强制版税。

虽然只有不到 40% 的新藏品使用强制版税，但强制版税的藏品在新藏品的交易量中占据了大部分份额，近 80% 的新收藏品总交易量来自版税强制藏品。

没有强制版税的藏品只有 0.8% 的交易支付了版税，表明现在创作者在没有实施强制版税的情况下几乎获取版税收入…… 等下，为什么实施强制版税的藏品也只有 86.6% 的交易支付了版税？因为有 13.4% 的强制版税藏品没有设置版税…… 默认版税是 0%。

强制版税藏品的交易主要发生在 Opensea，11 月 18 日在 X2Y2 修改了强制版税的政策后，它在强制版税藏品中的市场份额上升。

在 X2Y2 修改其政策后，强制版税藏品贡献了约 70% 的交易和约 25% 的 X2Y2 交易量，表明 X2Y2 受益于强制版税政策并吸引了更多交易。

在试用期间，强制版税藏品贡献了总体 NFT 市场约 10% 的交易和约 25% 的交易量。

根据试用期间数据评估，强制版税政策可能会获得更多地采用并获得更多市场和工具的支持。

自 9 月以来，Lens Profile 的创建量就呈现下降状态，其中 12 月相比 11 月下降了 76%

在主要的 Lens 前端应用中，Lenster 是一个基于浏览器的前端应用，其发帖量占 Lens 总发帖量的 30%-50%，是最主要的前端应用，并且相比四周前，其每周发帖量增长了 44%；紧随其后的是 Phaver，是一个移动端应用，Phaver 对发帖有激励措施，所以它的发帖量在一定程度上有着激励驱动并不一定是完全有机的，相比发帖量，其镜像和评论量都较低。

Orb 是发帖量第三的 Lens 移动前端，其发帖量在过去四周有着很大的增长，同时相比 Phaver 有着更多的镜像和评论，仅次于 Lenster。

从年度来看，VC 在 2022 年向加密和区块链初创公司投资了超过 300 亿美元，几乎与 2021 年投资的 310 亿美元持平；但从季度来看，2022 年交易数量和资本每个季度都在下降，其中第四季度比第三季度减少了 50% 以上。

加密项目的估值在 2022 年也全年持续下跌，但仍高于传统初创公司的；相比加密估值的下跌状态，风险投资的整体估值相对稳定，第四季度有所回升。

Web3/NFT/DAO/Metaverse/Gaming 板块在 2022 年在第四季度继续占据交易数量的主导地位；交易/交易所/投资/借贷板块以 13% 的交易数量位居第二——但后者涉及的投资额更大。

2022 年 VC 的筹款也逐季度下降，第四季度已经降至自 2021 年第一季度以来的新低；虽然如此，但得益于前两个季度的高额筹款，2022 年仍然是加密货币 VC 有史以来筹款规模最大的一年。

数据观察 #20230107

Daily Rollup 是 M41ie 日常阅读的笔记，以下为近期内容的汇总整理。

Stani 在这个 thread 分享了 Lens 对社交堆栈发展的看法

Soulbound tokens will bring mass adoption to DeFi

Ignas 介绍了一些具体的 SBT 用例

Daily Rollup #14

CRYPTOGIRLS

Collecting airdrops, claiming domains, growing following, creating a personal brand, and monetizing content.

Getting ready for Web 3.0 Social Trend

1inch 推出抵抗三明治攻击功能 RabbitHole

Snapshot 推出基于 Gitcoin Passport 的二次投票验证功能

Farcaster Overview. Часть 2